A rectal suppository is a small, solid piece of medication that melts at body temperature. It contains a laxative that stimulates the bowels or softens the stool, treating constipation.

Different types of rectal suppositories work in different ways.

A person can speak with a pharmacist, who can advise on the best suppository based on the individual’s age and situation.

A person washing their hands before inserting a suppository to treat constipation.Share on Pinterest
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A rectal suppository is a small, cone-shaped piece of solid medication that a person inserts into their rectum. It melts at body temperature.

If a person is constipated and other home remedies have not worked, a doctor or pharmacist may recommend a laxative in the form of a suppository. Oral laxatives are also available.

Some suppositories for constipation may be available to purchase over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. However, prescription suppositories are available if home remedies and OTC suppositories have been unsuccessful.

When is a suppository necessary?

A pharmacist or doctor may suggest a laxative if other self-care treatments have not worked. A person can speak with a doctor or pharmacist about their specific situation and what would be best for them.

Different typesTrusted Source of rectal suppositories exist. They work to relieve constipation in different ways.

These types include:

  • Osmotic: Osmotic rectal suppositories draw water from the body into the bowel, softening the stool. They usually contain glycerin.
  • Stimulant: Stimulant laxatives work by stimulating the muscles in the intestines to move the stool along. Bisacodyl is one example of a stimulant suppository.
  • Lubricant: Lubricant suppositories, which usually consistTrusted Source of mineral oil, coat the bowel and stool with a film that makes it easier for a person to pass the stool.
  • Carbon dioxide-releasing: These suppositories melt and release carbon dioxide, gently stimulating the bowels.

A person can perform the following steps to correctly and safely insert a rectal suppository:

  1. Wash their hands thoroughly with soap and warm water.
  2. Apply a water-based lubricant to the tip of the suppository or dip it in water to make it easier to insert.
  3. Pick a comfortable position, such as lying on one side with one leg straight and the other bent or standing with one leg on a chair.
  4. Gently spread open their buttocks.
  5. Gently push in the suppository, cone-end first, as far as their finger will go.
  6. Wash their hands again with soap and warm water.
  7. Close their legs and sit or lie still for 15 to 30 minutes to allow the suppository to dissolve.
  8. Go to the bathroom and empty the bowels when the urge to pass stool is strong.
  9. Wash their hands one last time.

People should avoid using petroleum jelly or oil-based lubricants. Additionally, a person should ensure their nails are trimmed or wear a latex glove to avoid cutting or scratching the inside of the rectum.

How long do they take to work?

Rectal suppositories work quickly. Both glycerin and bisacodyl rectal suppositories begin to work after 15 minutes to 1 hour. Carbon dioxide-releasing suppositories work within 15 to 30 minutes.

A person will usually need to insert only one suppository before they begin to see the effects. They should not insert more than one suppository per day.

The following outlines the general dosage guidelinesTrusted Source:

  • Glycerin: Adults and children over 12 years old can insert a single suppository containing 2 or 3 grams of glycerin. Children ages 2 to 6 years will require suppositories made for children.
  • Bisacodyl: Adults and children ages 12 years and over can insert a single suppository containing 10 milligrams of bisacodyl. Children ages 6 to 12 years require only half a suppository.
  • Mineral oil: A person can insert a single 118-milliliter suppository.
  • Carbon dioxide-releasing: Similarly to other suppositories, a person will insert a single dose.

A person should speak with a healthcare professional for accurate guidance and follow any instructions that a healthcare professional gives.

Is it possible to overdose?

It is important to avoid using more than the recommended dose, as this can cause some unpleasant symptoms, such as stomach pain or diarrhea.

If a person does not have a successful bowel movement after using a suppository, they should speak with a medical professional.

If a person swallows a rectal suppository, it is important to seek medical help or call poison control.

Contact with a toxic substance: What to do

If someone has come into contact with a toxic substance, take action immediately. First, reduce harm in one of the following ways:

  • For swallowed poison: If a person is experiencing burning or irritation and they are conscious, not having convulsions, and able to swallow, help them drink a small amount of water or milk.
  • For poison in the eye: Remove contact lenses and rinse the eye immediately under a running faucet for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Adults or older children may find it easier to rinse eyes in the shower.
  • For poison on clothing: Remove the contaminated clothing immediately and rinse the skin under running water.
  • For inhaled poison: Get to fresh air and stay away from the toxic fumes or gases.

    Next, contact Poison Control, or ask someone else to do this. There are two methods:
  • call Poison Control at 800-222-1222
  • use the POISONCONTROL tool

    Both options provide free, expert advice on what to do in a given situation and are available 24–7.

    Do not try to treat poisoning at home with ipecac syrup, charcoal, or other home remedies. These substances can be ineffective or even harmful.

Depending on the type of rectal suppository, a person may experience some side effects. These can include:

People should speak with a doctor if they experience:

In rare cases, a person may experience an allergic reaction.

Anaphylaxis: Symptoms and what to do

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening. The symptoms develop suddenly and include:

  • hives
  • swelling of the face or mouth
  • wheezing
  • fast, shallow breathing
  • a fast heart rate
  • clammy skin
  • anxiety or confusion
  • dizziness
  • vomiting
  • blue or white lips
  • fainting or loss of consciousness

If someone has these symptoms:

  1. Check whether they are carrying an epinephrine pen. If they are, follow the instructions on the side of the pen to use it.
  2. Dial 911 or the number of the nearest emergency department.
  3. Assist the person in moving from a sitting position to lying down. If they have vomited, turn them onto their side.
  4. Stay with them until the emergency services arrive.

Some people may need more than one epinephrine injection. If the symptoms do not improve in 5 to 15 minutes, or they come back, use a second pen if the person has one.

Rectal suppositories are suitable and safe for most people. However, a person should speak with a doctor before using them if they:

Some carbon dioxide-releasing suppositories contain soy lecithin, which can cause allergic reactions in those with an allergy to peanuts or soy.

Some suppositories are not suitable for children of specific ages, or they may require a different dosage. A parent or caregiver should speak with a pharmacist or doctor before considering a rectal suppository to treat their child’s constipation. Oral laxatives may be a preferred option.

Oral laxatives may also be a preferred option for older adults, particularly those with major neurocognitive disorder, also called dementia.

A person may be able to relieve symptoms of constipation by:

A pharmacist will be able to suggest some OTC medications to try alongside the above suggestions.

It may be helpful to rest the feet on a low stool while attempting to have a bowel movement.

Learn more about the best position to pass stool.

A person should speak with a doctor if they experience the following:

  • constipation that is not getting better
  • regular constipation
  • regular bloating
  • blood in the stool
  • unexplained weight loss

A person taking medication that can cause constipation, such as opioid pain relievers, should speak with a doctor. They may be able to alter the dose. However, it is important not to stop or change medications without the supervision of a doctor.

A pharmacist or doctor may recommend a suppository to treat constipation. The suppository consists of a laxative that can relieve constipation by softening the stool or stimulating the bowels.

Different types of suppositories exist for constipation. A pharmacist or doctor will be able to advise on which suppository is most suitable for an individual.